Data Management

Data management defines as the part of operation system that manages the physical storage and retrieval of data on a disk or other device. In the other word is software that allows the user to create, store, retrieve and manipulate files interactively. The management of all data / information in an organization, it includes data administration, the standards for defining data and the way in which people perceive and use it. The ancient method of data management was each business application designed to use one or more specialized data file to containing only specific type of data record. The evolution of the database system listed below.

First Generation

Flat files - 1960s -1980s

Second Generation 

Hierarchical - 1970s - 1990s

Network - 1970s - 1990s

Third Generation 

Relational - 1980s - present

Forth Generation

Object-oriented - 1990s - present

Object-relational - 1990s - present

Data Warehousing - 1980s - present

Introduction to Data Processing

 Manual file system means that traditionally composed of collection of file folders kept in file cabinet. The system was adequate for small amounts of data with few reporting requirement. The problem with traditional file process for example, data  redundancy, lack of data integrity or standard. Picture on left hand side is the show that chart of traditional file processing. The ancient method of data management is no longer appear because the previous method has been overcome with a more develop method. Data management approach had consolidates data into databases that can be accessed by different programs by using a database management system ( DBMS ) . DBMS is a srver as software interface between users and databases so that end users can get information more easily and more effectively. It has divided into 4 type of databases that occurred in the present database management system such as operational databases, distributed databases, external databases and hypermedia databases.
 


Data Warehouse

Data warehouse  

A data warehouse is a repository of an organization's electronically stored data. Data warehouses are designed to facilitate reporting and analysis.

This definition of the data warehouse focuses on data storage. However, the means to retrieve and analyze data, to extract, transform and load data, and to manage the data dictionary are also considered essential components of a data warehousing system. Many references to data warehousing use this broader context. Thus, an expanded definition for data warehousing includes business intelligence tools, tools to extract, transform and load data into the repository, and tools to manage and retrieve metadata.